⚠️ Frames become braced, not balanced — rigid, over-squeezed, and prone to collapse under load.

🧩 Let’s Break Down the Common Beliefs:

1. Leader Should “Hold the Frame Firm”

• Reality: Too much squeeze = clamped follower.
• Misunderstanding: Compression ≠ connection.

Proper cue: “Shape the frame with tone, not tension.”

2. Follower “Leans Back”

• Reality: Leaning back moves her mass behind her own foot, not toward the leader.
• If she leans but the leader isn’t moving, she’s off balance. If he is moving, the weight shift works for the turn.

Better cue: “Stay lifted into the frame, not collapsed onto it.”

3. Follower “Pushes Into the Leader”

• When misunderstood, this creates:
  • Shoving
  • Bracing
  • Over-reliance on arm/shoulder compression

What it should be: “Meet the leader’s tone with matching tone — not pressure.”

4. The “Five-Pull” Concept (aka Mystery Menu Item)

I know exactly the coach you’re referencing (no names, but their initials rhyme with “TV show” 😆). The “five pull” refers to specific engagement points — spine, shoulder blade, lat, elbow, and wrist — supposedly “drawing toward” the leader.

While anatomically plausible…

❌ It often results in an inward collapse rather than controlled containment. ✅ A better teaching point would be segmental alignment with rotational elasticity.

📏 Force Estimate

Assuming correct posture and tone:

• Force required to maintain that connection: ~2–5 N (think light pressure from 2–3 fingers)
• That’s about:
  • A small rubber ball pressed gently
  • A cat sitting on your shoulder (but less smug)

⚠️ Dancer Fails to Maintain Contact If:

1. They “run away” from the frame (moving faster than the connection can hold)
2. They collapse their core or scapula
3. They lean back or twist torso unevenly (commonly taught — and still wrong™)

“The Follower maintains the connection. The Leader sets the hand, but it’s the Follower’s back that says ‘I’m still here.’ Connection isn't a push — it's a presence.”

💡 Conjecture:

“The connection at the shoulder follows the same principle as the hands: contact is preserved by an equal and opposite compressive force, maintained by each dancer with stability and awareness rather than brute strength.”

🔍 Common Principles – Hand and Shoulder Connections

🧪 Teaching Conjecture in Studio

• Use paper or sponge as a compressive indicator on both connection points.
• If either partner moves too far, too fast, or collapses – the feedback is instant.
• No “holding” each other — only presence, pressure, and awareness.

🧻 Household Object Analogy Update

Principle of Connection Equivalence

The Leader’s Right Hand to Follower’s Shoulder Blade connection operates under the same principle as hand-to-hand contact:

• Both dancers are responsible for maintaining contact.
• The contact is based on compressive force — a balance of equal and opposite pressure.
• The goal is to maintain tone without collapse, over-reach, or excessive muscular force.
• The energy should be distributed evenly across the connection, not centralized in one partner.

In both cases, it is not the placement that matters most, but the maintenance.

Good connection is quiet. It’s present. It doesn’t grip, pull, or shove. It listens and responds.

🧠 Biomechanical Breakdown

📏 Force Estimate

Assuming correct posture and tone:

• Force required to maintain that connection: ~2–5N (think light pressure from 2–3 fingers)
• That’s about:
  • A small rubber ball pressed gently
  • A cat sitting on your shoulder (but less smug)

⚠️ Dancer Fails to Maintain Contact If:

1. They “run away” from the frame (moving faster than the connection can hold)
2. They collapse their core or scapula
3. They lean back or twist torso unevenly (commonly taught - and still wrong™)

🧻 Teaching Aid: The Sponge Trick™

Place a soft sponge or foam pad on the Follower’s left scapula:

• If the Leader’s RH loses contact, the sponge falls.
• If the Follower collapses, the sponge gets squished.
• If the connection is too aggressive? Sponge = squashed tomato.

💡 DanceBot Teaching Quote:

“The Follower maintains the connection. The Leader sets the hand, but it’s the Follower’s back that says ‘I’m still here.’ Connection isn't a push — it's a presence.”

The shoulder-blade connection must be mutually maintained via compressive force. If one partner stops providing that force (or over-applies it), the connection either collapses or becomes unstable (aka “heavy”).

Lets prove that with a simple model

We will simplify the model (as all models do), but base it on biomechanical facts:

• Let the Follower's scapula be a flat surface.
• Let the Leader’s RH apply a force \(F_L\) into the follower's back.
• The Follower applies \(F_F\) back into the hand (or allows their frame to maintain it).
• The body segments are free-moving unless force is balanced.

✅ Stable Connection:

\($ F_L = F_F \Rightarrow \text{Contact maintained, no net motion}\)$

❌ Follower collapses (underapplies):

\($ F_L > F_F \Rightarrow \text{Follower is pushed away or off balance}\)$

❌ Leader collapses (underapplies):

\($ F_L < F_F \Rightarrow \text{Contact is lost (gap in the frame)}\)$

🧮 Let’s Add Realistic Force Values

Using:

• Follower mass \(m_F = 65\,kg\)
• Leader mass \(m_L = 85\,kg\)
• Acceleration due to sway or rotation: say \(a = 0.5\,m/s^2\)
• Let’s say the hands contact area is ~\(A = 50\,cm^2 = 0.005\,m^2\)

Then:

Force exerted due to mass & acceleration:

\[ F = m \cdot a \Rightarrow F_L = 85 \cdot 0.5 = 42.5\,N\]

Pressure on that contact area:

\[ P = \frac{F}{A} = \frac{42.5}{0.005} = 8500\,\text{Pa (Pascals)} \approx 0.085\,\text{atm}\]

That’s barely more than the pressure you use to close a Ziploc bag.

So if either partner fails to maintain even this tiny pressure, the connection is lost.

The Frame is a Torque System

The Leader's frame, especially the right hand on the follower’s scapula, forms a torque system. If the forces aren’t balanced, the system rotates or collapses.

🔁 Torque Balance Equation:

\[ \sum \tau = \tau_{\text{ccw}} - \tau_{\text{cw}} = 0\]

Where:

• \(\tau = F \cdot r \cdot \sin(\theta)\)
• \(F\) = applied force
• \(r\) = moment arm (distance from pivot)
• \(\theta\) = angle between force and arm

📍 Apply This to the Shoulder Connection

Assume the spine is the rotational axis (pivot), the shoulder blade is the lever arm.

Forces:

• \(F_L\): Leader’s right hand pushing inward (toward follower)
• \(F_F\): Follower's back pushing outward (into leader)
• \(r\): Distance from spine to shoulder blade (~0.15m)

🧮 If they’re unbalanced:

Case 1:

\[ \tau_L > \tau_F \Rightarrow \text{Follower gets pushed off-balance, frame collapses inward}\]

Case 2:

\[ \tau_L < \tau_F \Rightarrow \text{Contact lost, gap forms between hand and scapula}\]

Only if:

\[ F_L = F_F \Rightarrow \sum \tau = 0 \Rightarrow \text{Stable connection maintained}\]

Imagine your torso is a lever, your spine is the fulcrum, and someone’s pushing on one side. Unless someone else is pushing back exactly the same amount from the other side, you rotate. Not because of magic, but because of torque.